The Wiccan Sabbats circle is an intricate part of Wiccan practices and rituals. Sabbats are seasonal celebrations that mark the cycles of nature and the changing of the seasons. The circle is an important symbol within Wicca, representing unity, wholeness, and the eternal cycle of life. During a Sabbats circle, Wiccans come together in a sacred space to honor and connect with the natural world and their spiritual beliefs. Each Sabbat has its own unique significance and purpose within the Wiccan calendar. The Sabbats are divided into two main categories: the Lesser Sabbats, also known as the solstices and equinoxes, and the Greater Sabbats, also known as the cross-quarter days.
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The Sabbats are divided into two main categories: the Lesser Sabbats, also known as the solstices and equinoxes, and the Greater Sabbats, also known as the cross-quarter days. The Lesser Sabbats include Yule, also known as Winter Solstice, Ostara, also known as Spring Equinox, Litha, also known as Summer Solstice, and Mabon, also known as Autumnal Equinox. These Sabbats coincide with the Earth's changing seasons and are celebrated as times of renewal, growth, and harvest.
Magic angle effect (MRI artifact)
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
Last revised: 13 Aug 2023, Raymond Chieng ◉ Disclosures:At the time the article was last revised Raymond Chieng had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
Revisions: 17 times, by 15 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures Systems: Sections: Tags: Synonyms:- Magic angle artifact
- Magic angle artefact
- Magic angle effect
The magic angle is an MRI artifact that occurs in sequences with a short TE (less than 32 ms) - T1 weighted, proton density weighted, and gradient echo sequences.
It is confined to regions of tightly bound collagen at 54.74° from the main magnetic field (B0), and appears hyperintense, thus potentially being mistaken for tendinopathy.
Normal
In tightly-bound collagen, water molecules are restricted usually causing very short T2 times, accounting for the lack of signal.
Artifact
When molecules lie at 54.74°, there is lengthening of T2 times with corresponding increase in signal. Thus in short TE sequences, the T2 signal does not decay significantly before the scanner picks up the signal. On the other hand, in long TE sequences (like T2 weighted sequences), by the time the scanner picks up the signal, the T2 signal has already decayed.
The reason for this change is due to quantum mechanics: in the set of equations that describe the interaction of spins (their Hamiltonian), there are several terms that are orientation-dependent. Normally, these orientations are averaged over as protons tumble around thermally, but in sites with long-range order, these terms can be important. In the case of structured collagen, lots of water binds to the outside of the protein, and therefore exhibits an orientation-dependent effect.
Typical sites include:
- proximal part of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- infrapatellar tendon at the tibial insertion
- peroneal tendons as they hook around the lateral malleolus
- cartilage, e.g. femoral condyles
- supraspinatus tendon
- triangular fibrocartilage complex (if the patient is imaged with the arm elevated)
It appears that the effects are reduced in a 3 T MRI system compared to a 1.5 T system.
Other non-pathological causes of high signal within tendons include near tendon insertions and/or where the tendon normally fans out or merges with other tendons.
Remedy
It only occurs in short TE sequences (e.g. T1, PD, GRE). Sequences with a longer TE (e.g. T2) can be used to avoid this artifact.
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The Greater Sabbats include Imbolc, Beltane, Lammas, and Samhain. Imbolc marks the beginning of spring and the return of light, Beltane celebrates the fertility of the Earth, Lammas is a time of gratitude for the first harvest, and Samhain is the Wiccan New Year and a time to honor the ancestors and the thinning of the veil between the mortal world and the spirit world. During a Sabbats circle, Wiccans come together to create a sacred space, often by casting a circle using various symbols and tools such as candles, incense, and representations of the four elements. The circle acts as a boundary between the physical and spiritual realms, allowing for a heightened connection to the divine. Within the circle, Wiccans perform rituals, spells, meditations, and ceremonies to honor the specific Sabbat and its associated themes. The main idea of the Wicca Sabbats circle is the celebration of the natural world and the cycles of life. Through ritual and ceremony, Wiccans connect with the seasons, the Earth, and their own spiritual beliefs. The Sabbats circle is a sacred space that allows for a deeper connection and understanding of the divine. It is a time of reflection, gratitude, and celebration, and acts as a reminder of the interconnectedness of all things..
Reviews for "Exploring the Wiccan Sabbats as a Beginner: Tips and Advice for New Wiccans"
1. Jessica - 1 star - I was really disappointed with "Wicca sabbats circle". The book promised to provide detailed information about the Wiccan sabbats, but it was incredibly shallow. The author barely touched upon each sabbat and failed to offer any sort of depth or insight. It was almost like reading a pamphlet rather than a comprehensive guide. I would not recommend this book to anyone looking for meaningful information about Wiccan sabbats.
2. John - 2 stars - As someone who has been practicing Wicca for several years, I was hoping to find new and interesting perspectives in "Wicca sabbats circle". Unfortunately, I found the book to be quite repetitive and lacking in originality. The author regurgitated the same basic information that can easily be found in any introductory Wiccan book. The book did nothing to challenge or expand my understanding of the sabbats. If you're new to Wicca, you might find this book useful. But for more experienced practitioners, it's a waste of time.
3. Emily - 1 star - I found "Wicca sabbats circle" to be poorly organized and confusing. The author jumped from one sabbat to another with little explanation or transition. It was difficult to keep track of which sabbat was being discussed at any given time. Additionally, the book lacked depth and did not provide enough practical guidance for celebrating the sabbats. Overall, I was thoroughly disappointed with the book and would not recommend it to anyone seeking a comprehensive resource on Wiccan sabbats.
4. David - 2 stars - While "Wicca sabbats circle" did provide a basic overview of the sabbats, I found the writing style to be quite dry and uninspiring. The author failed to inject any passion or personal anecdotes into the book, making it feel like a textbook rather than a guide to celebrate the sabbats. It was difficult to stay engaged and interested throughout the book, and I ultimately did not find it to be a memorable or impactful read.
5. Sarah - 1 star - If you're looking for a book that delves into the rich history and symbolism of the Wiccan sabbats, "Wicca sabbats circle" is not it. The book barely scratches the surface and fails to provide any meaningful explanations or insights. It felt like a rushed and poorly researched attempt at capitalizing on the popularity of Wicca. I would not recommend this book to anyone serious about their Wiccan practice.