Wiccan religious teachings are rooted in a nature-based spirituality that honors divine energy and seeks to live in harmony with the Earth and its cycles. Wiccans view the Earth as a sacred entity and believe in the interconnectedness of all living things. Central to Wiccan beliefs is the worship of a duotheistic deity, typically a Goddess and a God, who represent the feminine and masculine energies present in the universe. One of the main teachings of Wicca is the concept of "harm none," also known as the Wiccan Rede. This principle encourages individuals to live their lives in a way that minimizes harm to others and the environment. Wiccans believe in the power of intention and the idea that whatever energy one puts out into the world will come back to them.

THE PAGAN CHRIST: Recovering the Lost Light

Harpur, a former Anglican priest and professor of Greek and New Testament at the University of Toronto, delves into the foundations of the Christian faith, questioning the historicity of the Bible, reinterpreting the familiar stories and restoring what he considers the inner meaning of scriptural texts. "Taken literally, they present a world of abnormal events totally unrelated to people's authentic living today." He documents the many traditions that predate Christianity and parallel the familiar Bible story. He sees Christianity, and the Bible itself, as a rehash of these traditions, merely imitative rather than a record of actual, historical events. He goes so far as to question the existence of the historical Jesus. Harpur believes that the early church establishment, through deliberate acts of suppression and the destruction of books that might challenge the orthodox view (most famously in the Alexandrian Library), shaped a rigid institution unable to cope with an evolving world. He insists that a major change must take place in order for Christianity to survive. His solution is termed "Cosmic Christianity"—a radical reinterpretation not just of the Bible but of the nature of the Christian faith and its links to the world's great spiritual traditions. Harpur's arguments, themselves a rehash of earlier scholarship, are unlikely to convince readers who are not already inclined to his views. (Mar. 27)

Reviewed on: 02/28/2005

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Anglican priest, author Tom Harpur argued that Jesus was an allegory

This article was published more than 6 years ago. Some information may no longer be current.

Tom Harpur’s book ‘The Pagan Christ’, which argues that Christianity is stolen from pagan religions, was a top seller in 2004 despite criticism from the Christian fundameltalist community. Louie Palu/The Globe and Mail

Tom Harpur was a devout Christian who was not certain that Jesus existed, but did believe in the principles that were taught in his name. He knew before he wrote his most powerful book, The Pagan Christ, that his views would be controversial and unsettling.

"My goal is not to summarily dismiss the deep beliefs held by many millions in North America, Europe, and increasingly now in the Southern Hemisphere, where the vast majority of today's Christians live. But I do want these people to think deeply about their faith anew," Mr. Harpur wrote in that book.

Tom Harpur, who died last month at the age of 87, was an ordained Anglican priest and theology professor at the University of Toronto who gained international fame, not from the pulpit, but from his newspaper columns and books. He wrote for the Toronto Star for almost 40 years, first as its full-time religion editor and then as a freelance writer.

According to his wife, Susan Harpur, he wrote more than 1,000 weekly columns for the paper and travelled the world to meet prominent religious figures, including the Dalai Lama and Mother Teresa.

His greatest literary success was The Pagan Christ, which was the bestselling Canadian nonfiction book of 2004. It was also the most controversial thing he wrote, because he challenged the idea that Jesus Christ was an actual person. He said the early Church, in the third or fourth century, decided to make allegory fact.

"What was preserved in the amber of allegory, [the early Church] misrepresented as plodding fact. The transcendent meaning of glorious myths and symbols was reduced to a farrago of miraculous or irrelevant, or quite unbelievable, events. The great truth that the Christ was to come in man, that the Christ principle was potentially in every one of us, was changed to the exclusivist teaching that the Christ had come as a man. No other could match him, or even come close. The Dark Ages – and so much more – were the eventual result," Mr. Harpur wrote in The Pagan Christ.

The message sold books, but it isn't popular with everyone, especially Christians who cling to the fundamental script in the Bible.

"Christian fundamentalists could not abide his message," says Patrick Crean, his publisher at Thomas Allen, who is now with HarperCollins. The Pagan Christ was the most important book he worked on, Mr. Crean said. "The book was popular with the public but you won't find it in Christian book stores."

One person who does agree with him is his younger brother, George, a practising physician in Tobermory, Ont.

"I came to the same conclusions as my brother, though by a different route. There is a problem with the literal interpretation of scripture. Things such as Jesus spending 40 days and 40 nights fasting in the desert. Who was there to record this?," says Dr. Harpur, who also says he is a Christian who believes in the moral principles of Christianity.

"Allegory is a powerful thing. You can learn the lessons of Aesop's Fables and still realize that a mouse can't talk to a lion."

Thomas William Harpur was born in Toronto on April 14, 1929. His parents, William Harpur and the former Elizabeth Hoey, were immigrants from Northern Ireland who came to Canada a year before Tom was born. His father had been a policeman in Ulster, but worked as a salesman for a paper company in Toronto.

The family was religious and at first were fundamentalists, though they later returned to the Church of England, Dr. Harpur said. He remembers going to church morning, afternoon and evening on Sunday.

Late in life, at age 55, his father became an Anglican priest, so there was both religion and the immigrant pressure to succeed at home. The family lived in a working-class neighbourhood north of Kingston Road, on Lawlor Avenue in what real estate agents today would call the Upper Beaches. He went to Adam Beck Public School and then Malvern Collegiate. A brilliant student, he won a full scholarship to the University of Toronto, where he studied Classics. That meant being able to read Latin and ancient Greek as if they were his second and third languages.

After graduating in 1951, he won a Rhodes Scholarship and spent four years at Oxford University reading "Greats," a more advanced study of Classics. He returned to the University of Toronto's Wycliffe College and was ordained an Anglican priest in 1956.

For seven years he was the parish priest at St. Margaret in the Pines in the Westhill suburb, part of Scarborough. After that he returned to the University of Toronto as the New Testament professor at Wycliffe College in 1964.

At the time he was also involved in social issues and in March, 1965, he was part of a large group in Toronto protesting racism in the southern United States, in particular the police violence in Selma, Ala. Wearing his Roman collar, he walked alongside an Anglican bishop outside the U.S. consulate in Toronto.

In 1971 he left teaching and started writing a column for the Toronto Star as the paper's religion editor. More than just an armchair columnist, he travelled widely to report on religious subjects. He never used his column to preach, but rather to try to cover moral issues.

In the Star and other publications there were familiar themes: "Gospels Not History but Sacred Dramas," was the headline for an article he wrote in the Catholic New Times in 2003. He also worked for television, including writing scripts for Man Alive, the CBC's religious program.

In 1983 he left the Star to go freelance, still continuing to write a syndicated column for the paper. He concentrated on longer-form writing and over his career produced 18 books, most of which were non-fiction works on spiritual topics.

Some themes were constant, such as his critical take on Pope John Paul II. Mr. Harpur believed the Pope hid his deep conservatism under his charismatic exterior. Mr. Harpur wrote about this in Born Again, My Journey from Fundamentalism to Freedom.

"Few figures in the modern era have so completely escaped a truly objective, balanced reportage as [Pope John Paul II] did. … Underneath the charismatic exterior was a willfully stubborn, undemocratic temperament ill-suited for the huge task of giving guidance to a church heading into the third millennium," Mr. Harpur wrote. "This was not a man who was prepared to do any listening to his own clergy and his most devoted laity. … The press and public treated JPII as if he were a rock star, and he played the role of global celebrity to the hilt."

Mr. Harpur said he was unsettled by his own changes in thinking, from the literal interpretation of the Bible he learned in Sunday School to his later beliefs. Though his books caused a great deal of controversy, he said, that was not his intention.

"This is not about seeking controversy or headlines; it is a sincere and earnest search for spiritual truth. Certainly it is in no way meant as an attack upon Christianity – or any other religion, for that matter. Quite the opposite, in fact. In the end, it is about the realization of a richer, more spiritual faith than I ever knew before," he wrote in The Pagan Christ.

For 18 years Mr. Harpur and his wife, Susan, whom he met at the Toronto Star, lived northwest of Toronto. They had a hobby farm, keeping horses, donkeys and cattle.

"Tom's biggest passion since early childhood was for the wonders of the natural world. He felt that there was far more to learn of God from nature than from holy books or preachers," Ms. Harpur says.

As he grew older, physics and nature increasingly fascinated him.

"The writings of modern physicists were appealing more and more to him because they're starting to reveal an extraordinary world of wonderment and surprises. He believed that our spiritual bodies are immortal and one day we will be able to experience this more fully as further mysteries unfold."

Mr. Harpur died at a hospital in Lion's Head, Ont., on Jan. 2. He leaves his wife of 38 years, Susan; brother, George; sister, Jane; and children, Elizabeth, Margaret and Mary Catharine (from his first marriage, to Mary Clark).

Tom harpur the pagan christ

A provocative argument for a mystical, rather than historical, understanding of Jesus, leading to a radical rebirth of Christianity in our time.

For forty years, scholar and religious commentator Tom Harpur has challenged church orthodoxy and guided thousands of readers on subjects as controversial as the true nature of Christ and life after death. Now, in his most radical and groundbreaking work, Harpur digs deep into the origins of Christianity.

Long before the advent of Jesus Christ, the Egyptians and other peoples believed in the coming of a messiah, a virgin birth, a madonna and her child, and the incarnation of the spirit in flesh. While the early Christian church accepted these ancient truths as the very basis of Christianity, it disavowed their origins. What had begun as a universal belief system built on myth and allegory was transformed, by the third and fourth centuries A.D., into a ritualistic institution based on a literal interpretation of myths and symbols. But, as Tom Harpur argues in The Pagan Christ, "to take the Gospels literally as history or biography is to utterly miss their inner spiritual meaning."

At a time of religious extremism, Tom Harpur reveals the virtue of a cosmic faith based on ancient truths that the modern church has renounced. His message is clear: Our blind faith in literalism is killing Christianity. Only with a return to an inclusive religion where Christ lives within each of us will we gain a true understanding of who we are and who we are intended to become. The Pagan Christ is a book of rare insight and power that will reilluminate the Bible and change the way we think about religion.

Wiccans believe in the power of intention and the idea that whatever energy one puts out into the world will come back to them. Wiccans place a strong emphasis on personal responsibility and the idea that each individual has the power and ability to shape their own destinies. They believe in the practice of magick, which involves tapping into personal energy and the forces of nature to create positive change.

Rituals and ceremonies play an important role in Wiccan religious practices. These often involve the observance of the wheel of the year, which includes eight Sabbats that mark the changing seasons and celebrate key moments in the natural world. Wiccans perform rituals to connect with the divine, honor ancestors, and seek guidance in their spiritual journeys. In Wicca, there is an emphasis on individual spiritual exploration and the development of a personal relationship with the divine. Wiccans are encouraged to find their own paths and to adapt the religion to suit their individual beliefs and needs. While there are common practices and beliefs among Wiccans, there is also a great deal of diversity within the religion. Overall, Wiccan religious teachings revolve around the reverence for nature, the belief in personal responsibility, and the pursuit of spiritual growth and harmony. The religion provides a framework for individuals to connect with the divine, explore their own spirituality, and work towards creating a more balanced and interconnected world..

Reviews for "Exploring the Wiccan Principles of Magick: Harnessing Energy for Transformation"

1. Emily - 2 stars

I recently attended a Wiccan religious teaching session out of curiosity, but I was incredibly disappointed. The teachings felt more like a mishmash of New Age concepts rather than a well-grounded religious practice. There was no clear structure or depth to the teachings, making it difficult to follow along or find any substance in what was being taught. Overall, I found the experience lacking in authenticity and was left feeling unsatisfied.

2. James - 1 star

I have always been open-minded about different religious practices, but Wiccan teachings simply didn't resonate with me. The focus on nature and the elements felt superficial and arbitrary, lacking any deeper spiritual guidance or philosophical understanding. The lack of a clear moral code or ethical framework also left me questioning the validity of this religious path. Overall, I found Wiccan teachings to be vague and unconvincing.

3. Sarah - 2 stars

I attended a Wiccan teaching workshop hoping to gain a better understanding of the religion, but unfortunately, it left me unimpressed. The teachings relied heavily on personal experiences and anecdotes, rather than providing any concrete evidence or historical background. There was a lot of emphasis on rituals and spells, which I found to be more like superstitious practices rather than a genuine spiritual path. I was left feeling skeptical of the legitimacy of Wiccan teachings and its ability to provide any real spiritual growth.

4. Andrew - 1 star

I gave Wiccan religious teachings a chance, but it simply wasn't for me. The emphasis on witchcraft and magic felt too fantastical and detached from reality. Moreover, the lack of logical and coherent explanations behind the beliefs and practices made it difficult for me to take it seriously. I also found the concept of worshiping multiple deities confusing and unnecessary. Overall, Wiccan religious teachings left me feeling disillusioned and disconnected from any sense of spiritual truth.

Exploring the Mythology and Folklore of Wiccan Religious Teachings