Magic methods, also known as dunder methods (short for double underscore), in Python are special methods that are surrounded by double underscores at the beginning and end of their name. These methods provide functionality to the Python classes and allow the classes to interact with built-in Python functionalities and operators. Some common examples of magic methods include: - `__init__`: This method is called when an object is created from a class and allows the class to initialize its attributes. - `__str__`: This method is called when the `str()` function is called on an object and allows the object to return a string representation of itself. - `__len__`: This method is called when the `len()` function is called on an object and allows the object to return the length of itself. - `__add__`: This method is called when the `+` operator is used on two objects and allows the objects to define how they should be added together.
Python Magic Methods
To add "magic" to the class we create, we can define special methods called "magic methods." For example, the magic methods __init__ and __str__are always wrapped by double underscores from both sides. By granting us accessibility to Python's built-in syntax tools, magic methods can improve the structure of our classes.
We can integrate Python's built-in classes with our classes. The class which has inherited from the built-in class is known as a child class. A child class has access to all of the attributes of the parent class, including its methods. By utilizing the essential built-in features, we can customize some of the tasks of our class by using magic methods.
- `__add__`: This method is called when the `+` operator is used on two objects and allows the objects to define how they should be added together. - `__eq__`: This method is called when the `==` operator is used on two objects and allows the objects to define their equality. Magic methods can be used to customize the behavior of objects in Python and make them work more intuitively with built-in functions and operators.
__init__ Method
After we have constructed an instance of the class, but before that instance is returned to the caller of the class, the _init_ method is executed. When we create an instance of the class, it is called automatically, just like constructors in various programming languages like the popular ones C++, Java, C#, PHP, etc. These methods are invoked after _new_ and therefore are referred to as initialising. We should define the instance parameters here.
Code
Output:
Now called __init__ magic method, after tha initialised parameters Name, standard, and marks of the student is: Itika 11 98
By implementing these methods in a class, we can define how the class should interact with other objects and built-in functionalities. In addition to the above examples, there are many more magic methods available in Python that can be used to customize the behavior of classes. These methods allow us to define how objects should be compared, how they should be indexed or sliced, how they should be iterated over, and more. Overall, magic methods in Python provide a powerful way to customize the behavior of classes and make them more flexible and intuitive. By using these methods, we can make our code more readable, maintainable, and consistent with the Python language..
Reviews for "Enhancing Python Classes with Magic Methods"
1. John - 2/5: I found the "Magic methods python" book to be quite confusing and hard to follow. The explanations were not clear and there were many examples that were not explained properly. I felt like the book assumed a certain level of knowledge that I did not have. Overall, I was disappointed with this book and would not recommend it to others.
2. Sarah - 1/5: I purchased "Magic methods python" hoping to gain a deeper understanding of magic methods in Python. However, I found the book to be overly technical and filled with dense explanations that were difficult to comprehend. The author seemed to assume that the reader already had a high level of understanding of Python, which made it inaccessible for beginners like myself. I was left feeling frustrated and confused, and ultimately did not find the book helpful at all.
3. Michael - 2/5: As someone who has been using Python for a while, I was hoping that "Magic methods python" would provide more advanced insights into the topic. However, I found the book to be lacking in depth and didn't really offer any new or valuable information. The examples provided were basic and didn't go beyond what could be found in online tutorials. I was disappointed with the lack of depth and would not recommend this book to experienced Python developers.
4. Emily - 2/5: I found "Magic methods python" to be too focused on theory rather than practical implementation. The book delved into the inner workings of magic methods, but it failed to provide practical examples and use cases where these methods could be useful. I was left feeling like I had gained a theoretical understanding of magic methods, but I was unable to apply that knowledge in real-world scenarios. Overall, I was disappointed with the lack of practicality in this book.